Here are a few more images that don't, or don't exactly, match what the human eye would have seen when the shutter was pressed.

In both digital images above, post-processing replaced the "real" colors.  The lizard's colors were largely exaggerated.  Our colors were replaced and posterized, and we were "liquified."

These panoramas are stitched from multiple exposures.

And these next four images combine stacks of exposures to increase the apparent depth of field, front to rear.  Each stacked composite was also altered somewhat, affecting color rendition or converting a color image to black and white.  

The next three images stack and stitch multiple exposures to depict a sequence of individual images.

What is "real?"   Some of these manipulations simulate compensations made by the brain to what human eyes see and transmit to the brain.  Thus, the brain  "stitches" images together as the eyes look at different parts of a flower.  The eyes scan and the brain stitches, and everything seems mentally to be in focus.  The same thing happens when observers "pan" their eyes left to right to take in a scene that surrounds them.  So the focus-stacked flower and the stitched panorama simply replicate what human observers would see, or would think they see, if they were present when the shutter was clicked (repeatedly).

But some of the images above aren't similar to what the brain sees.  The color-shifted gecko and selfie and, to a lesser degree, the stop-action ski sequences, wouldn't be visible as such to an observer.   They therefore depart from strict reality, even reality post-processed by the brain's compensations for the physical limitations in human eyes.  

Okay.  We are nearly ready to consider what Sontag tells us about photography.